II. Scores Explanation

Self-talk

Definition

Self-talk refers to an individual’s use of positive thoughts to support oneself during practice.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

In general, low scorers tend not to use self-talk to effectively or to help them during their training. Their thoughts during training may also be more negative than positive. Overall, they may not motivate themselves too much too during practice.

Moderate Low

Moderate low scorers may not use positive self-talk as much as ideal. At times, they may also have some negative thoughts during training, which may negatively affect their performance. Generally, they may not talk positively and encourage themselves often enough.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers may use self-talk to affirm and motivate themselves fairly often. They may also use positive thoughts to their advantage during training. As a whole, they tend to be able to manage their self-talk quite effectively.

High

Overall, high scorers tend to use positive self-talk to help themselves and be productive during training. They tend to also manage their thoughts effectively, using self-talk to encourage themselves when needed. Their thoughts tend to be more positive than negative.

Automaticity

Definition

Automaticity refers to the tendency for an individual’s movements and skills to flow naturally during practice.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers tend to be very conscious when playing or performing. They may focus a lot on individual components of a movement, leading to a less than natural skill execution. Often, they may also think too much when performing their skills.

Moderate Low

Moderate low scorers may overthink their movements and execution sometimes. They may pay too much attention on each part of a skill, without letting things flow automatically. This may, at times, lead to a less fluid or successful performance.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers tend to perform their skills naturally without thinking too much about them fairly often. Their skill execution tends to be automatic and somewhat unconscious. They tend to also be able to monitor important moves quite well.

High

High scorers tend to be natural when doing their moves. They also tend to perform their skills without much conscious thought, allowing things to flow naturally. Overall, they may be good at tracking the details of each move for successful skill execution.

Attentional Control

Definition

Attentional Control refers to an individual’s ability to stay focused and block out distractions during practice sessions.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers may be easily distracted during training. They may also find it hard to stay focused for long periods. Generally, low scorers may not use their focus and attention productively while practicing.

Moderate Low

At times, moderate low scorers may find it challenging to stay focused. Maintaining their attention for long periods or during training sessions may be somewhat challenging. Overall, they may also not focus their attention as effectively as they should.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers may be able to pay attention during training quite well. They tend to also know how to focus their attention effectively, albeit with some inconsistencies. Overall, they may experience mix success in staying focused during long practices.

High

Generally, high scorers tend to manage their attention well, blocking out distractions when needed. They tend to also be able to stay focused during long training sessions. As a whole, channeling their attention effectively is one of the characteristics of high scorers.

Goal Setting

Definition

Goal Setting refers to the tendency for an individual to set effective goals and use them to their advantage during training.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers may find it challenging to set clear process goals. They may also find it difficult to set clear goals for training and use their practice time effectively. Overall, low scorers may set goals that are wither too easy or far from what is achievable.

Moderate Low

Moderate low scorers tend to have mix success in setting training and process foals. Consequently, they may not be as productive during training sometimes. Moderate low scorers may also need some support to set realistic yet challenging goals for performance.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers tend to set specific goals for training. They may also use these goals to their advantage, making the best use of their training time. Overall, they tend to also set process and stretch goals for training fairly often.

High

High scorers tend to be deliberate in setting goals for practice. Their goals may also be specific, realistic yet challenging. As a result, they tend to be relatively effective during training, achieving some results and success.

Activation

Definition

Activation refers to an individual’s ability to energize oneself when needed during training.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers tend not to manage their energy levels well. They may find it difficult to psych up and perform well when they are feeling lethargic or flat. Overall, they may not get into their ideal performance state as often as ideal.

Moderate Low

Moderate low scorers may find it hard to get into their "zone” sometimes. It may also be hard for them to psych up and perform well consistently. As a whole, they may need some more time to get their energy or arousal levels just right.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers tend to manage their energy and arousal levels quite well. Often, they may energize themselves to get into their ideal performance state and perform well. Overall, they may also psych themselves up when feeling low or flat.

High

High scorers tend to get into their "zone” fairly efficiently. They also tend to psych themselves up when needed and manage their energy levels well. In general, high scorers tend to get their arousal levels just right for peak performance.

Relaxation

Definition

Relaxation refers to an individual’s practice and use of relaxation techniques to calm down.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers may not use relaxation techniques frequently or at all. They may also not spend time during training to practice calming themselves down.

Moderate Low

Moderate low scorers may use some methods to calm themselves down. However, they may not allot time to practice and hone their relaxation skills as often as they should.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers may practice and apply some relaxation techniques to improve their performance, albeit inconsistently. They may also use some training time to practice learning to calm down.

High

High scorers tend to find ways to calm down and improve their performance. They tend to also set aside time to practice and hone their relaxation skills regularly.

Imagery

Definition

Imagery refers to an individual’s quality and use of visualization to support their performance.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers tend not use much imagery to support their training. They may not rehearse their performance in their minds or take time to recall successful past performances. Overall, they may not incorporate different perspectives or senses in their imagery as much too.

Moderate Low

Generally, imagery may not be one of the go-to strategies for moderate low scorers. They may not use imagery to prepare for training or to visualize past successes. Overall, they may not imagine what it feels like or visualize watching themselves perform that often.

Moderate High

Moderate high scorers may use imagery for training fairly often. They may visualize times they have done well or imagine watching themselves execute a skill. At times, their mental rehearsal may be vivid, with sensations of the actual movements being felt.

High

Often, high scorers may go through in their minds what needs to be done. They may also include different perspectives when visualizing. In addition, high scorers may imagine and recall their best performances, incorporating different senses in the process.

Emotional control

Definition

Emotional control refers to an individual’s control over their emotions during training.

Your score

Interpreting Your Score

Low

Low scorers may feel frustrated or upset when things do not go well during practice. This may in turn affect their performance negatively. Their emotions may also prevent them from achieving their peak performance quite frequently.

Moderate Low

When faced with setbacks or challenges, moderate low scorers may sometimes not control their emotions well enough. They may, at times, allow their emotions to get the better of them, causing them to not do as well as they actually can.

Moderate High

More often than not, moderate high scorers tend to be able to manage their frustrations or negative emotions. When things do not go well, they may also control their feelings relatively well and not allow them to affect their training or performance.

High

High scorers tend not to let their emotions get in the way of their training and performance. They tend to manage their emotions well, rarely allowing frustrations or disappointments to stop them from performing to the best of their abilities.

Test of Psychological Skills (for Practice or Training)

I.Factor Ranking

II. Scores Explanation

Self-talk

Your score

Automaticity

Your score

Attentional Control

Your score

Goal Setting

Your score

Activation

Your score

Relaxation

Your score

Imagery

Your score

Emotional control

Your score

III. References